我国特有珍稀植物翅果油树濒危原因分析

The endangered causes of Elaeagnus mollis,an endemic to China

翅果油树是我国特有种 ,为国家 2级珍稀濒危保护植物 ,主要分布于山西南部的低山和丘陵区以及陕西秦岭北麓的户县。翅果油树分布区的生态环境特征是 :热量充足 ,降水量较少 ,立地条件较差。翅果油树濒危的主要原因有 ( 1 )果实形态结构特殊 ,不利于传播和萌发 ,( 2 )果实结实率较低 ,( 3)种子寿命短 ,发芽率低 ,( 4)翅果油树幼苗缺乏竞争力和( 5)人为破坏严重。此外 ,针对翅果油树的濒危现状和原因 ,还提出了科学保护对策。

Elaeagnus mollis is an endemic to China,being one of the state protected two grade rare and endangered plants, and distributed mainly in hills and lower mountains in southern Shanxi and at the northern foot of Qinling Ranges in Shaanxi. The eco environmental characteristics of E. mollis areas are as follows: heat energy is efficiency, annual rainfall is small and stands are poor. The endangered reasons for E. mollis are follows:(1) the shape and structure of fruit were unusual so that is harmful to its germination and spreading, (2)there are fewer mature seeds in the fruits,(3) seed life span is shorter and germination ratio is lower, (4) the seedling and juvenile of E. mollis is in competition with the other plants for various resources is disadvantageous and (5) the intervention of human activities is severe. Furthermore, the strategies for protection of E. mollis are discussed in this paper.