象声词的虚实归属

The Notional or Functional Word's Attribution of Onomatopoeia

象声词是以音表音的特殊词类,除具备一般语言符号的任意性、社会性和系统性特征外,还具有独特的语言特征。从语法功能上看,象声词在句中充当状语和定语所占比率较高;从声调上看,四声调中以阴平调占绝对优势;在运用上,具有任意性和限制性的双重特性等。虽然现在语法学界对象声词的研究越来越重视,但仍然不够深入,还有许多问题比较模糊。其中,象声词的虚实归属问题,一直没有得到很好的解决。文中根据词的意义标准和语法功能标准,并与形容词、叹词进行比较,认为象声词应归属于实词。

Onomatopoeia belongs to the special part of speech which uses audio words to express various sounds. It has unique linguistic features in addition to its general language symbols＇ character, such as, randomicity, sociality and systematicness. From the grammatical function, a high percentage of onomatopoeias act as adverbial and attributive in a sentence. Judging from the tune, Tune I has absolute predominance among the four-tunes. And in the use of onomatopoeia, it has dual characteristics i.e. randomicity and restrictiveness. Although recently grammarians paid more and more attention to the research of onomatopoeia, it was still not deep enough and many problems are relatively vague. Among those, the notional or functional word＇s attribution of onomatopoeia has not got a good solution.According to the word＇s meaning standards and grammatical function standards, comparing with the adjective and interjection, the author considers that onomatopoeia attributes to notional word.