菊黄东方鲀(♀)×红鳍东方鲀(♂)杂交子代胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育研究

Embryonic,Larval and Juvenile Development of Hybrid between Tawny Puffer Takifugu flavidus(♀)× Redfin Puffer Takifugu rubripes(♂ )

利用生态调控、人工促熟和催产技术对菊黄东方鲀（♀）与红鳍东方鲀（♂）进行种间杂交，并对杂交子代胚胎及仔稚鱼发育进行了系统观察，详细描述了胚胎发育时序、形态特征以及仔稚幼鱼的发育特点。研究结果表明，菊黄东方鲀（♀）×红鳍东方鲀（♂）杂交子代受精卵为沉性、具弱黏性，卵径（1．02±0．04） m m。在水温18～19℃、盐度30～32条件下，杂交子代受精卵经过150 h发育为初孵仔鱼，整个胚胎发育需有效积温2790℃· h ，其发育过程分7个阶段，24个发育分期。初孵仔鱼全长（2．52±0．15）mm，卵黄囊约占全长1／3，肌节和血管明显；孵化后4d，卵黄囊大部分被吸收，开始由内源性营养向外源性营养过渡，仔鱼具摄食能力。8 d后，卵黄囊完全被吸收。15 d后，仔鱼腹部前方出现大量“小皮刺”，开始出现鼓气现象。18 d后，齿形成，进入稚鱼期。25 d ，齿板形成，出现互残攻击现象，进入稚鱼死亡高峰期。40 d后，进入幼鱼期，其形态特征偏向于菊黄东方鲀。

In this paper ,interspecies hybridization between tawny puffer Takif ugu f lavidus （♀ ） and redfin puffer T .rubripes （♂） were carried out by ecological adjustment and control ,hormone induction and artificial propagation . The development of the hybrid embryonic , larval and juvenile was also observed ,and morphological characteristics and duration were described in detail .The fertilized eggs as an adhensive demersal egg were measured （1 .02 ± 0 .04） mm in diameter ,and hatched on about the 150^th hour after fertilization of the hybrid , and the embryonic development had total effective accumulated temperature of 2790 ℃ at water temperature 18 - 19 ℃ and a salinity of 30 - 32 . The embryonic development was divided into 7 stages ,and 24 substages ,and the newly hatched larvae had total length of （2 .52 ± 0 .15） mm ,with a large yolk sac ,accounting for about one third of the body .The myomere and systemic circulation were clearly observed in the freshly hatched larvae whose yolk sac was almost exhausted four days later .The larvae began exogenous feeding and completely fed 8 days later .After 15 days ,the front part of the larval belly was covered with a large number of “tiny prickles” and ‘air‐blowing’ was found in the larvae . After 18 days , the larvae were developed into juveniles with tooth formation .After 25 days ,the juveniles had the front teeth ,showing attacking behavior each other with mortality peak .After 41 days ,the juveniles developed into subadult ,more similar to tawny puffer ,and showed morphological characteristics in the early stage of the hybrids .