正常与患白鳃病大黄鱼造血器官组织学特征的研究

Histological Features of Hematopoietic Organs of Normal and White-gill Diseased Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea

为了解大黄鱼白鳃病的发病机制,应用组织学方法研究了正常鱼造血器官的组织学结构及患白鳃病鱼的病理变化。明显的脾小梁将脾实质分隔成无数不规则的小叶,脾实质主要结构有白髓、红髓、椭圆体和黑色素巨噬细胞中心,白髓由密集的小淋巴细胞聚集形成,椭圆体位于小叶的中央,周围围绕红髓,脾脏内有许多黑色素巨噬细胞中心。头肾淋巴组织可以分为淋巴细胞聚集区和粒细胞聚集区,前者主要由密集的小淋巴细胞构成,后者主要由粒细胞和中性粒细胞构成。头肾内含有肾间组织细胞。大黄鱼肾脏由泌尿组织和淋巴组织构成,淋巴组织组成及分区同头肾。患白鳃病大黄鱼的鳃和肝脏呈灰白色,胆汁增多。脾脏脾小梁和小叶的结构消失,大量红细胞淤积在红髓中,红细胞表现为严重的退行性变化,小淋巴细胞稀少,大量的巨噬细胞含有不同颜色的吞噬团块。头肾和肾脏淋巴细胞聚集区的小淋巴细胞和粒细胞聚集区粒细胞和中性粒细胞数量明显减少,而粒细胞聚集区的单核细胞数量明显增加。肾小管腔内含有胆色素颗粒。肝脏、鳃及其他器官的血管里血细胞特别是红细胞稀少。

The histological structure of hematopoietic organs was studied in normal large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea and the pathological changes was histologically observed in the white‐gill diseased large yellow croaker to understand the pathogenesis of the w hite‐gill disease . T he obvious trabeculae divided the splenic parenchyma being comprised of w hite pulps , red pulps , sheathed capillaries and melanomacrophage center into numerous irregular lobules .The white pulps were formed by the tightly packed small lymphocytes ,and the sheathed capillary around the red pulp was located in each lobule . There were many melanomacrophage centers in the spleen .The lymphoid tissue in the head kidney was divided into lymphocyte‐aggregate region which consisted of the tightly packed small lymphocytes and granulocyte‐aggregate region which was mainly composed of the granulocytes and the neutrophils .The interrenal tissue cells were found in the head kidney .In the fishes with white‐gill disease ,the gills and the livers were pale in color and the bile was large in size . The splenic trabeculae and the lobules were indistinct ,and the red pulps were filled with a lot of erythrocytes showing serious degenerative changes and there were rare small lymphocytes . Numerous macrophages contained the swallowed masses with different colors .The small lymphocytes in the lymphocyte‐aggregate regions and the granulocytes and the neutrophils in the granulocyte‐aggregate regions were decreased obviously ,while the monocytes in the granulocyte‐aggregate regions were increased significantly in the head kidney and kidney .The bile pigment granules were found in the renal tubules .There were few haemocytes ,in particular ,erythrocytes ,in the blood vessels of liver ,gill and other organs .