抗菌药物致不良反应547例分析

Analysis of 547 ADR Cases Induced by Antibacterial Drugs

目的：探讨我院抗菌药物致不良反应（ADR）发生的相关影响因素,为临床用药安全提供参考。方法：对我院2011-2012年上报的抗菌药物致ADR 547例进行回顾性研究,统计、分析患者性别、年龄、ADR分级、ADR转归、ADR涉及药品、给药途径、ADR累及器官或系统及临床表现等。结果：ADR发生集中在41~50岁年龄段,女性比男性发生ADR的比例高;新的、严重的ADR分别占总数的0.73%、5.12%;其中,静脉滴注367例（占67.09%）,口服给药153例（占27.97%）;左氧氟沙星引发ADR比例最高（占23.40%）;ADR临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害（占34.90%）和消化系统损害（占27.84%）为主。β-内酰胺类是引起严重ADR的主要抗菌药物。结论：抗菌药物致ADR影响因素较为复杂,医务工作者应加强对抗菌药物应用监测,促进临床合理用药,保障患者用药安全。

OBJECTIVE： To explore the related influential factors of ADR induced by antibacterial drugs in our hospital so as to provide reference for safe use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS： A total of 547 ADR cases reported by our hospital from 2011 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively in terms of gender and age of patients level and outcome of ADR, organs or systems involved in ADR and clinical manifestations, drug name, route of administration, etc. RESULTS： The age of patients was mainly distributed in 40-50 year-old, and the proportion of women was more than men in ADR. 0.73% of the ADR cases were new and 5.12% of the ADR cases were serious. Among the 547 ADR cases, 367 ADR （67.09%） were caused by intravenous dripping and 153 ADR （27.97%） were caused by oral administration. The incidence of ADR-inducing levofloxacin was the highest （23.40%）. ADR mainly reflected the lesion of skin and its appendants （34.90%）, digestive system （27.84%）. Most of the serious ADR were caused by fl-lactams. CONCLUSIONS： The influential factors of ADR induced by antibacterial drugs are complex. Medical staff should pay attention to the monitoring of antibacterial drugs and promote rational use of drugs and guarantee the safety of drug use.