大学生反事实思维与情绪中的角色效应

The Role Effect in Counterfactual Thinking and Counterfactual Emotions Among College Students

后悔与庆幸是伴随反事实思维产生的一种特定的情绪体验,称为反事实情绪。通过探究大学生产生后悔、庆幸感的角色条件,有助于促进大学生心理健康发展,指导学校心理卫生工作的开展。研究通过4个实验对反事实思维与后悔、庆幸感的角色效应进行了探讨。实验1探讨了上行反事实思维与后悔、失望,以及下行反事实思维与庆幸、满意中的角色效应。结果发现,行动者和读者(旁观者)的反事实思维类型都存在显著差异。但只有行动者对不同反事实情绪体验的评定有显著差异。实验2通过增强选择行为的可控性,提高被试对选择行为的责任感。结果发现反事实思维与情绪中的角色效应消失。行动者和读者(旁观者)倾向于做出主体调整。在情绪体验上,行动者在不同情绪中仍表现出了差异,但读者(旁观者)被试不存在这种差异。

Regret and fortunes, which are special emotional experiences resulting from counterfactual thinking, are called counterfactual emotions. Exploring college students＇ role effect in regret and fortunes helps improve their mental health and guide the work of mental health in colleges. This study, through four experiments, aims to explore the role effect in counterfactual thinking and counterfactual emotions. Experiment I probes into the ：role effect in upward counterfactual thinking types, regret and disappointment, as well as downward counterfactual thinking types, fortunes and satisfaction. The results show that the actors and the readers （bystanders） show a significant difference in their counterfactual thinking types, but only the actors show a significant difference in their appraisal of different counterfactual emotions. Experiment II enhances the participants＇ sense of responsibility by means of strengthening the controllability of their choice. The results show the following： factual thinking and the role effect in emotions disappear; the actors and the readers （bystanders） tend to adjust themselves; the actors show difference in different emotions, but the readers （bystanders） show no such difference.