中国景观生态学发展历程与未来研究重点

Development history and future research priorities of landscape ecology in China

景观生态学从其诞生到现在,已经历了70余年。中国景观生态学的发展从其引入,到发展、壮大、逐渐成熟,也经历了30余年。在这个发展过程中,中国景观生态学在跟踪国际前沿研究基础上,结合中国实际情况开展了大量研究,在许多研究领域取得了重要进展。简述了国际景观生态学会成立与发展过程,通过系统综述中国景观生态学文献,重点分析了中国景观生态学的发展历程;根据中国景观生态学研究特点,将中国景观生态学发展划分为五个阶段:摸索与酝酿阶段(20世纪80年代以前)、吸收与消化阶段(1980—1988年)、实践与迅速发展阶段(1989—2000)、发展与思索阶段(2001—2010)、思考与创新阶段(2011—?)。在此基础上,重点从土地利用格局与生态过程及尺度效应、城市生态用地与景观安全格局构建、景观生态规划与自然保护区网络优化、森林景观动态模拟与生态系统管理、绿洲景观演变与生态水文过程、景观破碎化与遗传多样性保护、多水塘系统与湿地景观格局设计、稻-鸭/鱼农田景观与生态系统健康、梯田文化景观与多功能维持、源汇景观格局分析与水土流失危险评价等方面系统分析了中国景观生态学研究的特点。最后从学科发展与理论研究、重点研究地区和应用实践三个方面分析了中国景观生态学未来发展的重点方向。

It has been more than 70 years since landscape ecology emerged as a new concept of interdisciplinary research.The development of Chinese landscape ecology also has experienced more than 30 years from the introduction to gradually mature. In this process,Chinese landscape ecologists have carried out many studies in combination with the practical situation of China and important progress has been made in many research fields at tracking the international frontier research,. This paper briefly describes the establishment and development history of the International Association for Landscape Ecology（ IALE）,and analyzes the development of landscape ecology in China through systematic review of landscape ecology literatures. The development of Chinese landscape ecology is divided into five stages： embryonic and germination phase（ before the 1980s）,introduction and digestion phase（ 1980—1988）,practice and rapid development phase（ 1989—2000）,development and pondering phase（ 2001—2010）,thinking and creation phase（ 2011 —？）. And the top ten key research areas of landscape ecology are delineated： the land use patterns and ecological processes and itsscale effect,the urban ecological land use and construction of the landscape security pattern,landscape ecological planning and nature reserve network optimization,forest landscape dynamic simulation and ecosystem management,evolution of oasis landscape and eco-hydrological processes,landscape fragmentation and the genetic diversity protection,the multiple ponds system and wetland landscape pattern design,rice-duck /fish farmland landscape and ecosystem health,terrace fields culture landscape and multi-function maintenance,source-sink landscape pattern analysis and soil-water loss evaluation.Finally,the future research priorities of landscape ecology in China are discussed from three aspects： disciplinary development and theory research,hot research regions,and practical applications.