中国城市化进程中的环境抗争

Environmental Action in Process of Urbanization in China

城市化是经济社会发展的必然选择。然而,随着中国城市化飞速发展,也产生了城市水、大气、固体废弃物和噪声污染等一系列生态环境问题。同时,随着环境意识的增强,人们对居住环境质量的要求不断提高,致使城市化过程中环境抗争事件不断涌现。本文回顾了已有研究文献,以国外环境抗争、国内农村环境抗争与城市环境抗争作对比,突出城市环境抗争的特点;从抗争的情感基础、精英力量、弱组织化和互动过程四个方面对城市的环境抗争进行建构;从抗争力量、制度化因素、发展观念和社会力量四个方面分析当前环境抗争所面临的一系列困境。培育公民社会、更新地方政府的发展观念、加强社会科学与自然科学和管理科学之间的交叉研究等是应对当前困境最根本的出路。

Urbanization is the inevitable choice of the economic and social development.With the rapid development of China’s urbanization,however,a series of ecological environmental problems such as water pollution,air pollution,solid waste pollution and noise pollution occur one by one in urban areas.Meanwhile,environmental protests constantly emerge in the process of urbanization with the increase of environmental awareness and the more requirements for the living environ-mental quality.Based on the published literatures,the present paper compared the foreign environmental protests with do-mestic rural and urban environmental actions,and highlighted the characteristics of China’s urban environmental actions. And in turn,the urban environmental actions were constructed based on the emotional foundation,the elite power,the weak organization and the interaction of protests.In addition,a series of dilemmas about current environmental protests were ana-lyzed from four aspects as the protest power,institutional factors,development concept and social forces.It was suggested that the fundamental way to solve all the current dilemmas need to cultivate civil society,update the development concept of the local governments,and conduct the integrated multiple research through social science,natural science and management science.