尾矿库漫顶溃坝模型研究

Research on tailings dam break due to overtopping

本文利用尾矿库模型设计方法建立了尾矿库物理模型,并利用三维地形观测装置、表面流场测量装置和自动水位测量仪等仪器,对尾矿坝溃口及坝体崩塌变化过程、下泄洪水演化过程等进行了观测。试验结果表明,尾矿坝因为块体坍塌的不确定性而使崩塌量呈锯齿状,流量过程也具有一定的波动性;溃坝洪水输移尾矿是包括一般挟沙和高含沙运动以及高强度推移质运动的复杂输沙过程。在根据模型试验获得的尾矿库漫顶溃坝物理图形基础上,采用边岸侵蚀和崩塌模式模拟溃口展宽过程,引入非平衡输沙理论及河流动力学输沙公式计算溃口通道的冲淤变形,建立了尾矿库漫顶溃坝洪水预测数学模型。利用本文试验资料的检验结果表明,本文建立的数学模型计算结果同测量资料颇为符合,可以预测尾矿库漫顶溃坝洪水流量及溃口变化过程。

To analyze the tailings dam failure process due to overtopping, a physical model of the tailings dam was conducted. The breach process, the dam failure flood process and inundated height of flood in downstream were observed by using topography measuring equipment for 3D, surface flow distribution measuring equipment and ultrasonic wave gauges. The collapse volume of breach and outflow discharge fluctuated due to the block collapse. The overtopping flow included general sediment-laden flow, high sediment-laden flow and high bed load transport. Based on this physical motion graphics, a physical-based model is established for calculating the flood process using the non-equilibrium sediment transposition and a conceptual model for the process of lateral erosion. The model is verified using the physical model results. The agreements between calculated and measured data show the applicability of the proposed model.