不同生育时期短日照诱导对小豆形态、叶片生理及产量的影响

Effects of short-day photoperiod at different growth stages on morphological,physiological and yield of adzuki bean

以小豆早熟品种‘白红2号’、晚熟品种‘唐山红小豆’为材料,在不同生育时期进行短日照诱导,测定小豆开花期和结荚期的叶片生理参数、成熟时期植株形态指标及产量性状。结果表明:短日照诱导使供试小豆的生育期缩短、株高降低、主茎节数减少、平均茎粗和节间长度变小;短日照诱导对小豆叶片生理参数的影响与生育时期有关,2个品种的净光合速率在开花期和结荚期较高,细胞间二氧化碳浓度在结荚期较低;短日照诱导对2个品种在开花期的叶绿素和叶绿素a/b含量无明显影响,但在结荚期明显降低;可溶性蛋白含量在开花期和结荚期均降低;可溶性糖含量在开花期明显升高,结荚期显著下降;短日照诱导使GA1+3、ABA、ZR和IAA 4种激素含量在开花期和结荚期均有不同程度的降低;短日照诱导使产量构成因素和产量呈下降趋势。可见,不同生育时期短日照诱导对小豆的生长发育、形态学指标、叶片的生理参数以及产量具有明显的调控效应。

Using the early maturing cultivar of′Baihong No.2′ and late maturing cultivar of′Tangshan hong xiaodou′as materials,the leaf physiological parameters,phenotypic traits and yield of adzuki bean were measured under the treatment of short-day photoperiod at different stages.The results demonstrated that short-day photoperiod inducement shortened the whole growth stage,decreased plant height,stem diameter,node number of main stem and internode length.Effects of short-day photoperiod inducement on the leaf physiological parameters were associated with growth stage.The net photosynthetic rate was found higher at flowering and podding stages,and concentration of intercellular CO2 was lower at podding stage.Meanwhile,the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b were not affected by short-day photoperiod inducement at flowering stage,but reduced significantly at podding stage.Soluble protein content was decreased at both flowering and podding stages.But soluble sugar content increased significantly at flowering stage and decreased dramatically at podding stage.Effects of short-day photoperiod inducement on the content of GA1＋3,ABA,ZR and IAA were decreased compared with that of CK at flowering and podding stages.In addition,an obviously decreased tendency of yield components and yield was observed in this research.The results indicated that short-day photoperiod inducement at different growth stages revealed obvious regulating effects on the growth and development,phenotypic traits,leaf physiological parameter and yield of adzuki bean.