追氮量和种植密度对镇麦168群体质量、产量和加工品质的调控效应

Regulating effect of Nitrogen Topdressing and Planting Density on Population Quality,Yield and Processing Quality of Zhenmai 168

为给小麦品种镇麦168优质高产栽培中氮肥和种植密度管理提供参考,在基施有机肥15 000kg·hm-2、复合肥（N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15）375kg·hm-2条件下,设置240、285和330kg·hm-2三个追施氮肥水平以及135万、180万、225万、270万和330万株·hm-2五个种植密度（基本苗）水平,研究了追氮量和种植密度对该品种群体质量、产量和加工品质的影响。结果表明,在240～285kg·hm-2范围内,增加追氮量可明显提高镇麦168的籽粒产量、千粒重、成穗率、沉降值和弱化度,但当追氮量达到330kg·hm-2时,有效穗数、穗粒数、籽粒产量、容重、出粉率、吸水率、面团稳定时间增加不显著,千粒重明显降低。在135万～270万株·hm-2范围内,增加种植密度可显著提高有效穗数、籽粒产量、容重、面团形成时间、稳定时间和弱化度,而当种植密度达到330万株·hm-2时,有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量、成穗率、容重、面团形成时间、稳定时间和弱化度显著降低,分蘖期和拔节期群体叶面积指数、越冬期和拔节期干物质积累量以及出粉率、沉降值、吸水率增幅不明显。综合来看,镇麦168高产优质栽培的适宜追氮量和密度分别为285kg·hm-2和270万株·hm-2。

In order to provide reference for the use of nitrogen fertilizer and density in high quality and yielding cultivation of winter wheat Zhenmai168,on the basis of 15 000kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer, 375kg·hm-2 compound fertilizer,experiment with three level of nitrogen topdressing（240,285and 330kg·hm-2）and five level of planting density（135×104,180×104,225×104,270×104 and 330× 104 plants·hm-2）were conducted.The effects of nitrogen topdressing and planting density on the population quality,yield and processing quality of Zhenmai 168were studied.The results showed that the grain yield,1 000-grain weight,spike rate,sedimentation value and weakening level increased significantly,with nitrogen application rate increased from 240kg·hm-2 to 285kg·hm-2.While nitrogen application rate increased to 330kg·hm-2,there were no obvious effects observed on the effective spike,the grains per spike,the grain yield as well as bulk density,flour yield,water absorptionand stability time,especially the 1 000-grain weight decreased obviously.The effective spike,grain yield,bulk density,formation time and stability time along with weakening level were all increased simultaneously,along with the number of basic seeding increased from 135×104 plants·hm-2 to 270 ×104 plants·hm-2.However,with the number of basic seedlings increased to 330×104 plants· hm-2,the effective spike,grains per spike,1 000-grain weight,grain yield,spike rate,bulk density, formation time,stability time and weakening level were all reduced remarkably.Growth of LAI at tillering and jointing stage,dry matter dynamic accumulation at wintering period and jointing stage, flour yield,sedimentation value together with water absorption were all not improved obviously.Generally speaking,the suitable combination of nitrogen application amount and planting density for high output and excellent quality of Zhemai 168were 330kg·hm-2 and 270×104 plants·hm-2,respectively.