社会转型期的乡村价值危机探析

An Analysis of Rural Value Crisis in Social Transition Periods

乡村传统文化集中代表了与现代性相冲突的中国社会传统观念,现代社会文明则是由于商品经济不断发展而逐渐累积的自由、平等和诚信及其衍生物的集合。乡村价值危机就是乡村传统文化与现代社会文明之间张力的产物,主要表现为"公共意识"退缩和"私意识"猖獗。事实上,农村的解冻和发展是与农民个人的主体化分不开的,因此,没有农民个体"朝向现代性的社会化",不会有农村的现代化,而农民个体的趋向现代性的社会化,必然是一个相当漫长的过程。在这个过程中,农民群体迫切需要增强自身的文化主体性。因此,解决这一"现代性困境"的对策必须着力于价值层面的个体重建,路径则依赖基于文化自觉的集体自治,最后达至文化价值观与社会政治实践的良性互动。

Rural traditional culture is the highlight of traditional Chinese concepts in conflict with the Modernity. Modern society civilization is a collection of the gradually accumulated freedom,equality and honesty and its derivatives based on commodity economy development. Rural value crisis is the product of the tension between traditional culture and modern civilizations,mainly reflected as shrinking＂public consciousness＂and rampant＂private consciousness＂. The thaw and development of rural areas,in fact,cannot be separated with the subjectivity of the individual farmers; there will be no modernization in the countryside without the individual farmers＇ socialization oriented to modernity. The process of such socialization oriented to modernity is surely a very slow one,in which farmers have urgent need to strengthen their own cultural subjectivity. To solve the dilemma of＂modernity＂,countermeasures must be focused on the individual reconstruction of value along a path of collective autonomy based on cultural consciousness. The ultimate target is to reach a benign interaction between cultural values and social political practice.