钛表面及其涂层纳米化对骨结合的影响和机制

Effect and mechanism of titanium with nanoscale surface modifi cation for osseointegration

钛表面自身纳米化是指采用各种化学或物理方法增加钛表面的自由能,粗晶结构逐渐细化至纳米量级结构,基体与纳米结构层无明显的界面,材料外形尺寸基本保持不变。阳极氧化法和酸碱法为其常用技术。钛表面涂层或沉积纳米化是将制备好的纳米颗粒固结在钛表面,以形成一个与基体化学成分相同或不同的纳米结构表层,表层与基体之间存在界面且材料的外形尺寸有所增加。实现表层与基体之间以及表层纳米颗粒之间的牢固结合,是钛表面涂层或沉积纳米化的关键。钛表面自身纳米化以及表面涂层或沉积纳米化处理能明显增加钛种植体与骨组织的结合能力,促进骨整合,提高种植体成功率;而蛋白质吸附、细胞表面整联蛋白信号传递、单个细胞机械特性改变等,是钛表面纳米化处理影响骨结合的主要因素。随着生物材料学的不断发展,表面纳米化有望在促进种植体周围骨新生、增加初期稳定性和提高远期成功率等方面取得突破,更好地为口腔种植临床服务。

Nanoscale modifi catioin of titanium surface refers to every chemical or physical method which can increase the free energy of titanium surface and refi ne the coarse structure into nanoscale without obvious interface between the nanoscale srtuctures and titanium substrate or alteration of overall dimensions. Anodic oxidation and acid-base treatment are the most commonly used methods. Coating or deposition nanoscale modifi catioin of titanium is solidifying nanoscale particles on titanium surface, forming a nanoscale layer with a chemical composition identical with substrate or not. There is a notable interface between the layer and titanium substrate. Additionally, an increase of overall dimensions can be detected. The key to realizing coating or deposition nanoscale modifi catioins of titanium lies in the fi rmly combined nanoscale particales and the solid combination of the layer and titanium substrate. Nowadays, nanoscale surface modifi cation of titanium has become an important research direction, which can change the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby affecting the osseointegration. Additionally, protein adsorption, signaling transmission of integrin and change of cell mechanical properties have been considered as the main factors of osseointegration. This review summarized the effect and mechanism on osseointegration of titanium with nanoscale surface modifi cation.