广东英德茶区蜘蛛群落结构及多样性研究

Community Structure and Diversity of Spiders in Tea Plantations in Yingde Region of Guangdong

蜘蛛是茶园生态系统中重要的天敌群落。为了了解英德茶区不同生境管理对蜘蛛群落组成结构和多样性的影响,2010年6月至2011年5月,选择小乔木生境茶园(Ⅰ)与常规生产茶园(Ⅱ),采用拍打法与陷阱法相结合的方式进行采样。结果表明:茶园Ⅰ共采集到蜘蛛1 551头,隶属于16科、40种,蜘蛛物种丰富度、多度明显高于茶园Ⅱ;两类茶园蜘蛛优势种以草地鼬蛛的个体数最多(占16.39%),其中茶园Ⅰ优势种的种类和个体数相对较多;此外,多样性指数中,茶园Ⅰ与茶园Ⅱ达到显著差异(P<0.05);优势度指数中,则茶园Ⅱ数值较高。由此可知,茶园生境结构植物丰富,人为干扰少,有利于改善天敌栖息环境,保护蜘蛛种类多样性。

Spiders are the important natural enemy communities in tea plantation ecosystems. In order to understand the influence of two types of habitat management on the spider communities in terms of species composition, structure and diversity in tea plantations, samples were collected between June 2010 and May 2011 by using both clapping and trap methods, and from the tea plantations within small woodland （Ⅰ） and tea plantations with conventional production （Ⅱ） in Yingde Region of Guangdong. The number of predatory spiders was 1 551 in tea plantation Ⅰ with 16 families and 40 species, and their richness and abundance were higher than those in tea plantation Ⅱ. In addition, tea plantationⅠhad relatively more dominant species and individual numbers. The dominant species, Itatsina praticola, showed the largest number of individuals, accounting for 16.39% of the total. Species richness in tea plantation I was significantly higher than that in tea plantation Ⅱ, but the dominance index was lower. These results indicated that less human interference in the surrounding habitat of tea plantations could affect the natural habitat giving a relatively stable and rich ecosystem, and hence improve the protection of spider species diversity.