湿地植物通气组织和渗氧对其重金属吸收和耐性研究进展

Effects of Aerenchyma and Radial Oxygen Loss of Wetland Plants on Their Heavy Metal Uptake and Tolerance:A Review

湿地植物具有强大的通气组织和根部渗氧能力特征,使得其根际微环境处于氧化状态从而适应湿地土壤浸水的环境。近年来,湿地植物通气组织和渗氧在重金属吸收和耐性研究方面已引起了人们的关注,并对此进行了相关的研究。本文分别对湿地植物通气组织和渗氧特征,通气组织和渗氧对重金属吸收和耐性影响、对根际微环境影响等方面的研究进展和存在问题进行了综述,并提出了该领域未来可能的研究方向。认为针对从通气组织和渗氧角度出发研究湿地植物重金属耐性机理,应重点对湿地植物根际重金属的环境化学行为展开深入研究,在研究方法和手段上应注重新技术的开发与应用。

Wetland plants have a series of physiological and anatomical characteristics to adapt flooding conditions （or environments）, e.g., aerenchyma in shoot and root and radial oxygen loss （ROL） from root can make their rhizospheric micro-environments under oxidation condition. Recently, the roles of root aerencyma and ROL of wetland plants in their heavy metal uptake and tolerance have aroused great concern and a number of relevant researches have been conducted. This paper reviewed the research progress and some issues relating to characteristics of aerenchyma and ROL, the effects of aerenchyma and ROL on heavy metal uptake and tolerance, and the rhizospheric micro-environments of wetland plants. Finally, this paper also discussed the trends of future researches on aerenchyma, ROL, heavy metal uptake and tolerance of wetland plants. It suggested that in order to prove further the role of aerenchyma and ROL of wetland plant to heavy metal tolerance, the research on the environmentally chemical behaviors of heavy metals in rhizosphere of wetland plants should be emphasized, and more attention should be paid to the development and application of advanced research methods and tools.