生态补偿视角下环境污染责任保险制度设计与路径选择

System Design and Path Selection for Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance under the Perspective of Ecological Compensation

生态补偿是实现环境污染负外部性内部化的重要措施,通过环境侵权主体对环境污染受害主体的利益补偿而实现社会的公平与正义。环境污染事故频发以及日趋严重损害给污染企业生态补偿以及资金赔付带来了更大的压力,从而引入多层次的保险机制到生态补偿的整个过程中很有必要。本文建立了生态补偿事前预防、事中补偿以及事后成本评估的分析框架,探讨了包括责任保险、再保险、第一方保险和直接保险、风险分担协议、污染者担保以及环境基金等保险机制在生态补偿机制中的功能,并最终以环境污染责任保险为例,完成了具有法律适应性、功能有效衔接以及保障措施有力的制度设计以及实践路径选择。

Ecological compensation is the important measure to internalize external negative impacts of environmen- tal pollution. Social justice and equality is gained through the indemnification by the tort-feasors to the infringed. The high frequency of environmental pollution incidents and increasing severity of damages are posing larger burdens on the polluter for ecological compensation and indemnification. Therefore, it is highly necessary to introduce multi- tiered insurance mechanism into the whole process of ecological compensation. The paper introduced the ecological compensation analysis framework, including ex ante prevention, concurrent compensation and after-the-event cost as- sessment, and put forward that to diversify the risk of ecological compensation we should introduce such insurance mechanisms as liability insurance ,reinsurance, the first party and direct insurance, risk-sharing agreements, polluter guarantees and the environmental funds. Finally, us proposed on system design and route selection w tive protection on environment. ing hic environmental pollution liability insurance as an example, it h featured legal applicability, functional interfacing and effec-