近二十年回族人口受教育状况及其变化趋势的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Educational Status and Change Trends of Ethnic Hui during the Last Two Decades

本文基于全国第四次、第五次和第六次人口普查数据,以学历结构、受教育人口比例、人均受教育年限三个指标,通过与汉族人口相关数据的比较,分析了回族人口受教育状况的变化趋势及其性别差距。研究发现,20年间,回族与汉族的学历结构都趋于优化。6岁及以上人口中,回族受小学及以上教育程度的人口比例与汉族的差距在缩小;但受初中及以上教育程度的人口比例与汉族的差距在拉大;受大专及以上教育程度的人口比例与汉族相比近十年则出现"逆转"现象,即从前10年高于汉族人口逆转为低于汉族人口。性别差距方面,1990—2000年回族与汉族每个学历教育阶段受教育人口比例的性别差距都趋于缩小;2000—2010年,回族受大专及以上教育程度人口比例的性别差距出现"逆转",呈现出女性高于男性的特点,与之相比汉族则仍是男性高于女性。

This article analyzes Hui and Han people＇ s educational status, change trends and the gender differ-ence in education between the year of 1990 and 2010 from three aspects such as the structure of educational back-grounds, the proportion of educated people, and average school years. The results of the analysis show that both Huiand Han people＇ s education structure has been optimized. While the gap between Hui and Han people＇ s proportionof the population by primary education and above is lessening, the gap by the degree of secondary and higher educa-tion is widening. Hui＇s proportion of the population of tertiary education and above appeared ＂reversal＂ phenome-non, which becomes lower than Han people. The gender difference of Hui and Han people in education was on thedecrease from 1990 to 2000. Hui women＇ s proportion of themarkedly higher than men from 2000 to 2010, while Han men＇population of tertiary education and above turneds remained higher than women＇ s.