社会性别视角下的人地关系——国外女性主义地理学研究进展和启示

THE MAN-LAND RELATIONSHIP FROM THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE:A SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS OF FEMINIST GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ABROAD

20世纪六、七十年代,在第二次女性主义运动的影响下,女性主义思潮与人文地理学研究相结合,致力于揭示和消除"男造环境"中的性别歧视,尤其是女性在空间和地方使用上面临的种种限制,从而开始了女性主义地理学的发展。本文对国外近几十年来女性主义地理学研究进行系统回顾,探究这一学科兴起的具体学术渊源,分析和评价它的主要的研究路径和成果。论文最后从三个方面展望在当下中国发展这一学术领域的前景,认为它将会有助于:①拓展性别分析的交叉性;②实践女性主义知识生产的位置理论;③为性别主流化提供政策依据。

Geography, including human geography, had been a field dominated by traditional gender ideolo- gy, which gave little scholarly attention to women＇s issues, for a very long time. In the 1960s, under the strong influence of the second feminist movement, feminism and human geography started to integrate, and feminist geography, a new subfield of human geography, was lunched in the western society. Simply speaking, the primary aim of feminist geography is to expose and help eliminate gender inequalities with regard to man-land relationships. This essay systematically and critically reviews the overseas development of feminist geography in the past few decades, and highlights the necessity and importance of developing this subfield of human geography in China. Firstly, the essay lays out the academic origins of feminist geography. It is pointed out that feminism, radical geography and cultural turn are three major factors that have significant- ly shaped the landscape of feminist geography. Specifically speaking, it is feminists who highlight the neces- sity to address issues that cause gender discriminations experienced by most women in their everyday life, radical geographers show the importance and possibility of which academia can make a difference to solve social issues, and the cultural turn illuminates that everyday life shouldn＇t be taken for granted but should be subjected to careful examination. Secondly, the major research areas and findings in feminist geography are summarized and analyzed. The essay points out that most feminist geographic research focuses on private home, public spaces and homosexual communities. In total, existing literature has been successful in revealing that our place and space is not gender neutral at all. On the contrary, the living environment is built under the guidelines which embody traditional gender ideology, no matter it is private home or public place. Thirdly, the last section of the essay argues that it is crucially important and thought-provoking to develop femi- nist geography in China.