农业产业集群发展中的共同演化分析——以鄢陵县花木产业集群为例

CO-EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS IN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER:A CASE STUDY OF FLOWERS AND TREES OF CLUSTER IN YANLING COUNTY

本文基于演化经济地理学的视角,结合鄢陵县花木产业集群30多年的纵向发展演化实例,探讨了农业产业集群内部微观基础(农户、企业)、中观尺度的产业网络和宏观尺度的外部环境(制度、技术和空间)如何共同演化并决定着农业产业集群的演变。研究发现:①农业产业集群的演化与其内部基本行为主体农户与企业、产业网络、技术、制度和地域空间的演变具有协同作用、共同演化,特定的影响因素与集群网络交互作用形成了集群发展的不同阶段。②在集群发展的不同阶段,企业、网络、技术、空间和制度具有各自的特点和不同的协同演化特征,微观主体的组织创新是对宏观环境变化的适应,宏观环境变化及地域空间演变是微观变化的综合。③在培育农业产业集群的过程中,既要重视个别农户和企业的成功示范,又要重视地理邻近效应对整个产业网络、技术、惯例形成和空间再造的作用。本研究结论对于农业产业集群的管理实践和集群政策制定具有一定的参考价值。

Based on the perspective of evolutionary economic geography and combined with a longitudinal case study of more than 30 years on the flowers and trees industrial cluster in YanLing county, this article fo- cus on discussing how the microscopic actors （households and enterprises） in agricultural cluster co-evolve with the meso-level industrial networks and the external macroscopical environment （institution, technology and space） and co-dominate the evolution of the cluster. The findings show that： （1）the evolution of the agri- cultural cluster has the synergistic effect with the evolution of its basic actors, such as households and enterprises, industrial networks, technology, institution and geographical space; （2）in different stages of cluster development, enterprises, network, technology, institution and space have their own evolutionary characteristics. Organizational innovation of the microscopic actors changes to adapt to the macroscopical environment and in turn, the changes of macroscopical environment and geographical space are the integrated embodiment to the microscopic changes; Gin the process of fostering agricultural clusters, we should not only attach great importance to the demonstrative effect of successful households and enterprises, but also pay attention to geographical proximity effect for the entire industrial network, technology, routine formation and the role of space reconstruction.