2.0版中国旅游恩格尔系数构建及时空变化研究

THE CONSTRUCTION OF 2.0 TOURISM ENGEL COEFFICIENT AND SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS IN CHINA

随着经济和社会的发展,人们的消费需求逐渐由物质消费转向精神消费。为测度新消费观下人们的消费结构,本文基于精神消费及广义旅游,提出了2.0版旅游恩格尔系数,依据1990—2011年时间序列数据和2011年31个省区的截面数据,对经济高速增长期城乡居民精神消费的动态演变及区域差异进行定量测度,发现其与恩格尔系数呈较强的反相关性,可作为恩格尔系数的替代指标。最后,据1994—2011年我国居民国内旅游需求数据,从广义旅游看狭义旅游,分析了旅游恩格尔系数与国内旅游需求的关系,为科学分析和促进国内旅游发展提供新的依据。

With the development of the economy and society, the consumer turns sight to spiritual consumption instead of the material consumption gradually, which means the traditional Engel Coefficient is not suitable for measuring people＇s living standards and consumption structure. Based on the time-series date from 1990 to 2011 and cross-section data of 2011 in 31 provinces, this article analyzed the dynamic evolution of consumption structure and spiritual consumption of urban and rural residents, as well as regional differences under rapid economic growth. The results show that the Tourism Engel Coefficient and Engel coefficient is inversely related, which means that the Tourism Engel Coefficient can be a substitution of Engel Coefficient in the new period to measure people＇s living standards. Meanwhile the Tourism Engel Coefficient is a positive indicator, the higher Tourism Engel Coefficient, the higher residents＇ living standards and more perfect of consumption structure. The urban residents generally living a well-off life except for some provinces, such as Xizang living a subsistence life, Beijing and Shanghai living a relatively rich life in 2011. Compared with the urban, the rural residents live a poor life, like Hainan, Fujian, Hubei living a lower life in subsistence stage, others like Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin in well-off stage. Finally, using the time-series data of nearly 20 years from 1994 to 2011, the authors reviews the relationship between the Tourism Engel Coeffi- cient and Domestic Tourism Demands, which reflect a positive relationship and means that along with the improvement of Tourism Engel Coefficient, the domestic tourism demands improve gradually. This will be a new way for analyzing and promoting the development of domestic tourism scientifically.