城市室内降尘中常见半挥发性有机化合物水平

Levels of common semivolatile organic compounds in settled house dust of urban dwellings

目的了解江苏省南京市学龄前儿童所在居室室内降尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)、邻苯二甲酸酯(PEs)、多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和酚类(Phs)的暴露水平及其可能的健康风险。方法随机抽取南京市鼓楼区215名学龄前儿童居室进行室内降尘中PAHs、PEs、PBDEs和Phs检测,并结合文献报道的每日最大耐受量(TDI)或每日参考摄入限量(RfD)计算风险指数(RI)。结果南京市学龄前儿童所在居室室内降尘中PAHs 15种单体检出率均>90%,且以高环PAHs(HMW)为主,15种PAHs总浓度最高达280.4μg/g;PEs以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)检出率最高(100%),6种PEs总浓度最高达10 900.0μg/g;PBDEs以十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)检出浓度最高,最高浓度达9 392.5 ng/g;5种Phs中双酚A(BPA)和三氯生(TCS)的检出率均为100%,其最高浓度分别为2 490.0和42 500.0 ng/g;苯并(a)芘(BaP)当量、DEHP和BDE-99最大摄入量的RI值分别为2.0、1.8和4.0。结论南京市学龄前儿童所在居室室内降尘中PAHs以高环单体为主,PEs以DEHP检出率最高,PBDEs以BDE-209检出浓度最高,Phs则以BPA和TCS为主。

Objective To investigate levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （ PAHs）, phthalate esters （ PEs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）and phenols in settled house dust of urban dwellings with preschoolers in Nanjing city and their health risk. Methods Totally 215 preschool-aged children were randomly selected from four largest public kindergartens in a district of Nanjing. Settled house dust in the bedroom of the children was collected with a vacuum cleaner. Fifteen PAHs ,6 PEs ,8 PBDEs and 5 phenols were measured. The health risks of the exposure levels were evaluated by the risk index （RI）calculated with tolerable dally intake （TDI）or reference dose （RID）reported in the literature. Results The detection rates of all PAHs were 〉 90%. The main PAHs were those with 4 or more rings and the maximum total PAH concentration was up to 280 p,g/g. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） showed the highest detection rate and mass concentration. The maximum total PE concentration was up to 10 900 Ixg/g. The maximum decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE209） concentration was up to 9 390 ng/g. The detection rates of bisphenol A and triclosan （TCS）were 100%, with the maximum concentrations 2 490 and 42 500 ng/g, respectively. The RIs of maximum benzo [ a] pyrene toxic equivalents, DEHP and BDE99 intake were 2. 0,1.8 and 4.0, respectively. Conclusion PAHs, PEs, PBDEs and phenols are ubiquitous in urban house dust from bedrooms of preshool children in Nanjing city with high detection rate of DEHP and high concentrations of BDE-209, BpA and TCS.