军事应激对军人职业倦怠和心理健康的影响及其干预的研究

The effects of military stress on job burnout and mental health and the research of its interventions

目的 研究军事应激对军人职业倦怠和心理健康的影响,并进一步探讨军事应激情景中心理承受力、职业倦怠、心理健康三者间的关系.方法 整群随机抽取某部队520名参加军事演习的陆军官兵作为研究组,另抽取该部520名未参加军事演习的陆军官兵作为对照组,军事演习1周后运用军人心理疾病预测量表、军人职业倦怠量表和军人心理承受力量表评定研究组和对照组的心理健康、职业倦怠和心理承受力状况,对所得数据进行t检验、相关分析、回归分析、结构方程模型构建等统计处理.结果 （1）研究组心理疾病预测总分及精神病性、抑郁、躁狂、神经症、人格偏移因子分[分别为（15.85±9.30）分,（0.36±0.91）分,（1.10±1.53）分,（2.66±1.78）分,（1.16±1.57）分,（2.04± 1.83）分]、职业倦怠总分及各因子分[分别为（23.05±9.40）分,（5.13±2.47）分,（3.19±2.18）分,（5.16±3.01）分,（1.71±1.66）分,（3.29±2.21）分],均高于对照组[分别为（11.20±6.24）分,（0.11±0.53）分,（0.55±1.10）分,（1.89±1.50）分,（0.51±1.02）分,（1.10±1.13）分,（17.92±9.64）分,（4.28±2.92）分,（2.64±2.06）分,（3.84±2.46）分,（1.26±1.37）分,（2.77±2.43）分],差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;（2）研究组军人心理承受力与职业倦怠和心理健康呈负相关（r=-0.52～-0.09,P＜0.05）,军人职业倦怠与心理健康呈正相关（r=0.12～0.57,P＜0.01）;（3）军事应激情境中,心理承受力是影响军人心理健康和职业倦怠的调节变量;（4）结构方程模型分析表明,心理承受力对职业倦怠有直接效应（路径系数为-0.56,P=0.000）,职业倦怠对心理健康有直接效应（路径系数为0.73,P=0.000）,心理承受力对心理健康直接效应不明显（路径系数为-0.06,P=0.32）,模型适配良好（x2/df=3.138,GFI=0.943,AGFI=0.911,NFI=0.930,RFI=0.905,IFI=0.952,TLI=0.933,CFI=0.951,RMSEA=0.065）.结论 军事应激可导致军人的职业倦怠和心理损害,心理承受力可以有效缓解军事应激所致的这些负面影响.职业倦怠在心理承受力和心理健康之间起完全中介作用,心理承受力是通过职业倦怠间接影响心理健康的.

Objectives To investigate the effects of military stress and psychological resilience on job burnout and mental health in military personnel and construct the relationship among resilience,job burnout and mental health during military stress.Methods By cluster random sampling,520 personnel in army taking part in the war-game were selected as the experimental group,and another group of 520 who not taking part in the wargame were selected as the control group.After one week of the war-game,the experimental group and control group were investigated by Military Personnel Mental Disorder Prediction Scale,Military Job Burnout Scale and Military Personnel Resilience Scale.The acquired datum were analyzed by t-test,correlation analysis,regression analysis and structural equation modeling analysis.Results （1） The total scores of mental disorder prediction and factor scores of psychosis,depression,mania,neurosis,personality disorder were（（15.85±9.30）,（0.36±0.91）,（1.10±1.53）,（2.66±1.78）,（1.16± 1.57）,（2.04± 1.83）） and the total scores of job burnout and its all factor scores were（（23.05±9.40）,（5.13±2.47）,（3.19±2.18）,（5.16±3.01）,（1.71 ± 1.66）,（3.29±2.21）） of experimental group were significantly higher than control group（（11.20±6.24）,（0.11 ±0.53）,（0.55± 1.10）,（1.89± 1.50）,（0.51± 1.02）,（1.10±1.13）,（17.92±9.64）,（4.28±2.92）,（2.64±2.06）,（3.84±2.46）,（1.26± 1.37）,（2.77±2.43）,P=0.000）.（2）Psychological resilience negatively correlated with job burnout and mental health（r=-0.52～-0.09,P〈0.05）,and job burnout positively correlated with mental health （r=0.12 ～ 0.57,P〈0.01）.（3） Under the military stress,psychological resilience was the accommodation to effect the mental health and job burnout of military personnel.（4）The analysis of structural equation modeling showed that psychological resilience had a direct effect on job burnout（the path coefficient was-0.56,P〈0.01）,but it had no significant effect on mental health （the path coefficient was-0.06,P=0.302）.Job burnout had a direct effect on mental health （the path coefficient was 0.73,P〈0.01）,and the structural equation modeling fitted the data very well（x2/ df =3.138,GFI =0.943,AGFI =0.911,NFI =0.930,RFI =0.905,IFI =0.952,TLI =0.933,CFI =0.951,RMSEA =0.065）.Conclusion Military stress can lead to job burnout and mental disorders that could be moderated by psychological resilience.Job burnout can fully mediate the relation between psychological resilience and mental health.Psychological resilience effects mental health by job burnout indirectly.