科技工作者应对方式在压力知觉水平与心理健康状态间的中介效应

The mediating effect of coping strategies between perceived stress and mental health status of scientific and technical workers

目的 了解杭州市科技工作者的心理健康状况,探讨压力应对方式在压力知觉水平和心理健康状态间的中介效应.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法分别从工程技术人员、农业技术人员、科研人员、卫生技术人员和教学人员中抽取510位科技工作者进行一般情况、压力知觉水平评估、特质应对方式问卷（Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,TCSQ）、总体幸福感量表（General Well-Being Schedule,GWB）、心理健康自评问卷（self-reporting questionaire20,SRQ-20）评定.结果 不同学历、职业类别和年龄段的科技工作者在压力知觉总分上组间差异有统计学意义（F=5.026,5.637,6.421,P＜0.01）;女性科技工作者的消极应对总分和SRQ-20总分[（26.33±6.29）分,（4.36±3.84）分]高于男性科技工作者[（24.93±5.68）分,（3.32±3.53）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;多重线性回归分析提示,压力知觉总分、积极应对总分和消极应对总分均是SRQ-20总分和GWB总分的预测因素（P＜0.001）.积极应对总分和消极应对总分在压力知觉总分和SRQ-20总分之间的均存在中介效应,中介效应分别解释了因变量的方差变异为23.87％和29.33％.积极应对总分和消极应对总分在压力知觉总分和GWB总分之间的均存在中介效应,中介效应分别解释了因变量的方差变异为24.29％和23.24％.结论 应对方式在压力知觉水平与心理健康状态间存在中介效应,改善科技工作者的压力应对方式有助于提升其心理健康水平.

Objective To investigate the mental health and the general well-being among Hangzhou scientific and technical workers,and the mediating effect of coping strategies in perceived level of stress and mental health status.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method were developed among engineering technicians,agrotechnicians,researchers,health works and teaching staff.510 participants were evaluated with perceived stress of different types,Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ）,General Well-Being Schedule （GWB）,and Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 （SRQ-20）.Results There was significant difference among sub-groups with different educational backgrounds,different occupation,and different age group for total scores of perceived stress （F=5.026,5.637,6.421,P〈0.01）.Female had significantly higher scores than male on total scores of negative coping factor of TCSQ,total scores SRQ-20 （26.33±6.29,4.36±3.84 vs 24.93±5.68,3.32±3.53） （all P〈0.05）.Total scores of negative coping factor of TCSQ,total scores of positive coping factor of TCSQ,and total scores of perceived stress were the significant predictors of both total scores SRQ-20 and total scores of GWB （all P〈0.001）.Both total scores of positive coping factor of TCSQ and total scores of negative coping factor of TCSQ mediated the effects of perceived stress on total scores of SRQ-20 （23.87%,29.33%,respectively） and total scores of GWB （24.29%,23.24%,respectively）.Conclusion There do exist the mediating effects between coping strategies in perceived stress and mental health status,the improvement of coping modes of scientific and technical workers can be regarded as a useful intervention strategy to improve their mental health status.