城市中心人口外迁中的教育问题与对策——以伦敦为例

The Educational Problems Caused by Outward Movement of Population and the Solutions——The Case of London

伦敦在20世纪60年代和70年代出现了大规模的人口外迁现象,根据外迁特点可将这一时期分为"郊区化"和"逆城市化"两个阶段。在"郊区化"阶段,针对郊区教育资源紧缺和教育管理权争议,英国政府在新城建设中制定了合理的学校用地规划,并颁布《伦敦政府法案》,重新划分教育权,提出了针对流动学生的教育方案。在"逆城市化"阶段,针对伦敦等大城市内城教育困境,英国政府推动了"教育优先区"计划的实施,促进教育机会均等,后又颁布了《内城政策》白皮书,重视地方政府角色,加强学校与社会的联系。伦敦在这两个阶段所采取的对策,对我国大城市应对人口外迁中的教育问题有一定的借鉴作用。

In 1960s and 1970s,London undergone a large scale of outward movement of population. The movement can be divided into two stages ： suburbanization and deurbanization. In the process of suburbanization, in order to deal with the shortage of educational resources in suburb and the conflict on education administering authority, British government formulate appropriate land planning for schools, and issued London Government Act 1963 to relocate the educational authority. In the process of deurbanization, facing severe educational difficulties in inner city, British government promoted educational equality by supporting Education Priority Areas Scheme, and then issued Policy for Inner Cities to emphasize the role of local government and strengthen the relationship between schools and the society. The solutions adopted by British government are valuable references for Chinese metropolis which are undergoing the process of outward movement of population.