河北省饶阳县土壤养分特征分析及分区施肥研究

Characters of soil nutrients and research of partition fertilization in Raoyang County of Hebei Province

为摸清饶阳县土壤养分特征,实现针对性分区指导施肥,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,明确了该县耕地土壤养分供应状况和分布特征。结果表明:目前饶阳全县土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为15.5 g/kg、77.1 mg/kg、29.1 mg/kg、108.0 mg/kg。耕层土壤有机质及大量元素在各乡镇分布差别明显,变异系数表现为有效磷>速效钾>碱解氮>有机质。与第二次土壤普查结果比,全县土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷分别增加37.2%、29.1%和314.3%;而速效钾减少29.5%。结合该县多年田间试验和专家实践经验、农户调查和土壤养分分布特征,建立了小麦施肥指标体系,并编绘了针对区域养分供应特征的氮、磷、钾肥施用量图件,便于指导农民优化平衡施肥。

To figure out the soil nutrient characters and realize partition fertilization in different soils of Raoyang County,the supplying condition and distribution characters of soil nutrient were studied by field experiment combined with lab analysis in this paper.The results indicated that the average values of soil organic matter,available nitrogen （N）,available phosphorus （P） and available potassium （K） were 15.5 g/kg,77.1 mg/kg,29.1 mg/kg and 108.0 mg/kg,respectively.There were significant differences for the content of N,P,K in topsoil among different towns in Raoyang County.The order of coefficient variation from the largest to the smallest was available P,available K,available N and soil organic matter.Compared with the results in the second national soil survey,the content of soil organic matter,available N,available P in soil were increased by 37.2%,29.1% and 314.3%,respectively,with an up-graded nutrient grade,while the content of available potassium was decreased by 29.5% with a down-graded nutrient grade.Combined with the results of ＂3414＂ field experiment,experts＇ practical experience,farmer survey and the distribution of soil nutrient,the fertilizer index systems of winter wheat were established.Maps for guiding proper application of N,P and K fertilizers according to the characters of different soil nutrients were compiled.All these were propitious to optimize the balanced fertilization application for farmers.