有机无机肥配施对黄壤烤烟氮素累积、吸收与分配的影响

Effect of combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer on biomass accumulation,nitrogen uptake and distribution in flue-cured tobacco on yellow soils

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了化肥与生鸡粪、生菜籽饼、秸秆配施对黄壤烤烟生物量积累与氦素累积、分配规律的影响.结果表明：烟株体内氮素分配比例为叶＞茎＞根,其中上部烟叶占氮素累积总量比例最高达20％～ 35％;化肥配施生鸡粪处理于团棵期、成熟期生物量累积量较单施无机氮提高7.58％和17.23％,上部和中部烟叶于完熟期氮素累积量较单施无机氮处理分别提高137.99％和40.7％,差异均达显著水平,造成叶片过厚、贪青晚熟;而化肥配施生菜籽饼和玉米秸秆处理,烟株生物量累积于团棵期至成熟期较单施无机氮处理差异不明显,氮素吸收、分配规律与当地常规氮素用量处理规律相近,具备协调氮素供应与分配关系的能力.

In this paper field experiments were adopted to study the effects of applying chemical fertilizer combined with different organic matters on biomass accumulation,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen distribution of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that the distribution of nitrogen in the tobacco were leaf 〉 stem 〉 root,and the nitrogen uptake of upper leaves account for 20% ～35% of the total nitrogen uptake,which was the highest N proportion in the leaves.In the treatment of the combination of chemical fertilizer and fowl dung,the accumulation of dry matter were 7.58% and 17.23% higher on the resettling stage and mature stage respectively than the treatment of 100% inorganic nitrogen applied,nitrogen uptake of upper leaves and middle leaves on the full ripe stage were respectively 137.99% and 40.7% higher than that of the 100% inorganic nitrogen applied,and all of the differences were significantly.Combined application of chemical fertilizer and fowl dung on the resettling stage and mature stage would lead to the thicker leaves and the delay of maturity than treatment of inorganic nitrogen.For the treatments of combination application of chemical fertilizer and rapeseed cake or maize straw,biomass accumulation on the resettling stage and mature stage were respectively 1.64% ～5.11% and 3.99% ～ 1.23% lower than that in the treatment of inorganic nitrogen.The nitrogen uptake and distribution in these two treatments were similar with that in the treatment of the local recommended N fertilizer amount,and could well balance the relationship of nitrogen supply and distribution in tobacco.