中国城市土地利用效率的动态测度及影响因素——基于DEA-Tobit两步法的分析

The Dynamic Measurement of Urban Land Use Efficiency in China and Influencing Factors——Based on DEA-tobit two-stage methods

利用数据包络模型(DEA)对中国大陆30个省、市、自治区2001—2010年城市土地利用效率进行了测度与评价,并运用Tobit回归模型对其影响因素进行了深入分析.结果表明:①中国城市土地利用效率总体呈现上升趋势,除少数省区效率值低于0.5以外,其余均保持在0.5-1之间;②城市土地利用效率前沿面分析结果显示,2001—2010年处于生产前沿面的省、市、自治区的数量保持稳定,但其空间分布却发生了一些变化,10年间东部地区减少2个,西部地区增加2个,中部地区一直处于零水平的状态;③城市土地利用过程中高投入低产出局面的扭转、非农从业人员效率的提高是城市土地利用效率改善的基本内核和关键所在;④经济规模对城市士地利用效率呈现正向促进作用,低层次的产业结构和不断增加的人口密度呈现负面影响,政府规制、空间集聚水平、城市规模和区位条件的影响并不显著.

This paper uses data envelopment model （DEA）, measuring and evaluating theurban land use efficiency of 30 provinces and cities in China's Mainland from 2001 to 2010, andanalyzing its influencing factors through Tobit regression model deeply. The results showthat： The urban land use efficiency has an upward trend overM1 in China, except minorityprovinces＇ efficiency values below 0.5, the rest were kept at 0.5 to 1. Through analyzingthe urban land use efficiency frontier, the number of production frontier provinces remainedstable from 2001 to 2010, but its distribution space has undergone minor changes, easternregion decreased to 2, the western region increased to 2, the central region has been in a stateof zero level during 10 years. High input and low output reversed in the process of urbanland use situation, the efficiency of non-farm employees improved is the basic kernel andkey of urban land use efficiency improvements. Economies of scMe presents positive role inpromoting the urban land use efficiency, industrial structure and demographic factors show anegative impact, and the impact of government regulation, the level of spatiM concentration,city size and geographic conditions are not significant.