社会文化语境下的日本和歌俳句隐喻含义解读——兼与汉诗对比

Interpreting the Metaphorical Implications of Japanese Waka and Haiku in the Context of Social Culture——A Comparison with Chinese Poems

隐喻性是中日诗歌语篇的共性,隐喻含义与社会文化背景信息密切关联,其解读依赖于相关的社会文化语境。日本和歌俳句形式上表现为不对称、非连续的特点,意境上表现为暗示性、追求"余情"的特点,反映出日本文化中崇尚非对称、不完全美的审美取向;汉诗的绝句律诗在形式及意境上遵从"起承转结"及"押韵对偶"的规则,反映出中国文化中崇尚对称和谐的审美取向。中日诗歌在形式和意义上表现的隐喻性格,其既是语言的,又是社会文化的,以社会文化语境关联视角对其对照解读,是一种跨语言与文化综观的认识方法。

Metaphor is the common character of Chinese and Japanese poems. Implications of metaphor are closely related to social and cultural background and their interpretation relies on the related context of social culture. In forms, waka and haiku present asymmetry and discontinuity, while in artistic conception they present the character of implication and lingering charm, which reflects the aesthetic tropism of asymmetry and imperfection in Japanese culture. The Chinese poems, Jueju and lvshi follow the principle of beginning, continuing, transition and end in both form and artistic conception, which reflects the aesthetic tropism of harmony and symmetry in Chinese culture. The metaphorical character which Chinese and Japanese poems present in forms and meanings is both linguistic and socio-cultural. An interpretation from the perspective of socio-cultural context is a comprehensive methodology allowing us to understand them as they are interpreted both linguistically and socio-culturally.