原型范畴理论与日语程度副词语义研究

The Prototype Theory and Semantic Studies of Japanese Degree Adverbs

程度副词是程度范畴的一个语法表现形式,日语程度副词内部成员表现出很大的多样性,对于其性质和功能的认定以及体系的确立,在学者间出现了很大的分歧。本文通过分析研究现状,揭示日语程度副词研究所面临的问题,并从认知语言学的角度,借用原型范畴理论,认为程度范畴是"量"范畴下的一个下位范畴,程度副词内部成员语义的共性是"量性",典型义是"性状量",非典型义是"数量"、"比较量"、"动作量"和"主观量",其内部呈现出"客观—主观"的连续体。

Degree adverbs are a grammatical form of degree category. The internal members of Japanese degree adverbs show great diversity. Scholars hold different opinions in terms of establishing their nature, functions and system. Through an analysis of the current situation, this paper explores the problems in existing studies of Japanese degree adverbs. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, and using prototype theory, the paper proposes that the degree category is ＂a subordinate category under the category of quantity＂, where the semantic similarity of internal members of degree adverbs is ＂quantity＂; the typical meaning is ＂traits＂; the atypical meaning is ＂quantity＂, ＂comparative quantity＂, ＂action quantity＂ and ＂subjective quantity＂; and its internal structure shows a continuum of＂subjective -- objective＂.