动词「つく」的语义扩展与认知机制——以「～が～をつく」的结构为中心

An Analysis of the Verb tsuku by Semantic Extension and Cognitive Mechanisms——Using the Structure of～ga～wo tsuku as a Focus

本文从认知语言学的视角分析日语多义动词「つく」的本质义以及语义扩展和认知机制。从比喻类型上来看,动词「つく」主要通过隐喻机制来实现语义的扩展。它的本质义是物体的一端向另一物体接近,在两物接触的瞬间产生一种作用力,而力的作用又是相互的,物体的一端在产生力量的同时也受到另一物体的抵挡或曰反作用力。该动词的语义扩展主要是以单向施力与反向受力的力量交互作用为焦点而展开的。

This paper uses the Japanese verb tsuku as an example for a cognitive linguistics research approach, thoroughly analyzing it from the perspective of semantic extension and cognitive mechanisms. The verb tsuku mainly uses a metaphor mechanism to achieve semantic extensions through analogy. The prototype of the verb tsuku suggests one object is getting close to another object, whereupon there will be an action force at the moment of contact. However, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, and that means the two objects will get both actions. In this paper, the semantic extension of the verb tsuku is the focus of the action and the reaction.