大豆分子育种研究新进展

New Approaches to Molecular Breeding of Soybean

分子育种是当今世界大豆产业发展的主要推动力,已成为国际大豆种业竞争的核心技术。介绍了2012-2013年间国内外大豆分子育种研究的新进展:以高通量测序为基础的功能基因组学研究更深入、更广泛;克隆并验证了与开花、产量、结瘤和抗逆性等重要性状相关的基因;发掘出一批新的分子标记或QTL,强化了传统分子标记与新技术、新方法的有机结合;在遗传转化体系优化方面取得了一些新进展,并在大豆中对一些目标基因进行了功能鉴定;一批具有抗虫、耐除草剂等单一及复合性状的转基因大豆新品种获得多国安全认证,允许进口食用、饲用或商业化种植,并对今后一段时间内大豆分子育种领域的发展趋势进行了展望。

Molecular breeding is the main force driving the global soybean production development,and has become the core technology in competition of the international soybean seed industry.This review summarized the progress in molecular breeding of soybean made in 2012 and 2013.In these two years,there was rapid development in research of functional genomics due to the application of high-throughput technologies.New genes involved in flowering,yield,nodulation,resistance and tolerances had been isolated from soybean.In the field of molecular mapping,some new markers or QTLs had been identified,and the integration between conventional markers and novel technologies have been enhanced.Soybean genetic transformation system had been further optimized and some genes have been transformed into soybean to identify their functions.New individual or stacked transgenic events conferring insect resistance and herbicide resistance had been approved for import as food,feed or commercial planting in many countries.The paper also prospected the development of soybean molecular breeding in the near future in this article.