我国畜禽粪便重金属污染现状及其钝化措施研究进展

Present Status of Heavy Metal Pollution from Livestock Waste and Progress on Passivation Measures

我国畜禽养殖业呈现出集约化经营的特点,畜禽粪便制备的有机肥中仍存在较严重的重金属超标问题,导致土壤环境中重金属逐年累积,农产品品质急剧下降。回顾了我国畜禽粪便重金属污染的现状,总结分析了近年来畜禽粪便重金属污染采取的钝化措施,重点针对堆肥过程中钝化剂的种类及钝化效果进行了总结概括,据此对该领域的未来研究趋势及重点发展方向作了概括性展望。综合分析认为,钝化剂的研发应关注成本低廉、废弃资源再利用的材料。以畜禽粪便为原料的有机肥的土地利用需开展长期定位试验,以进一步追溯重金属在土壤中的变化。

Livestock and poultry industry in China presents the characteristics of intensive operation,and the organic fertilizer produced by manure still sufferred from serious heavy metals overweight phenomenon,which have led to heavy metals accumulation in soils and the quality of agricultural products toboggan.This paper reviewed the situation of heavy metal pollution in animal manure,summarized the passivation measures taken in recently years,and analyzed the different kinds of passivator and their passivation effect during composting.According to the above mentioned details,the paper prospected the future research trends and key development direction.The comprehensive analysis thought that the research and development of passivator should concern more about the low cost and reuse of the waste resources.Long-term experiment should be carried out on the land using livestock manure as organic fertilizer,so as to further trace the changes of heavy metals in soil.