基于高密度自动站的深圳短时强降水特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Short Duration Heavy Precipitation Based on Data From High-density Automatic Weather Stations

基于106个自动气象站的逐分钟雨量数据，对深圳短时强降水时空分布特征进行了分析。分析表明：①深圳的短时强降水多发生在西部沿海的宝安区、东部的大鹏新区山地，以及罗湖、福田和光明新区等地区的城市建成区；②东部短时强降水多发的原因可能与地形及季风有关，而中部和西部短时强降水多发的原因则可能与城市建成区的城市热岛效应及海陆热力差异有关；③年降水量与短时强降水频次没有一一对应的关系，有的年份即使年降水总量较小，短时强降水的频次仍然可能较多；④深圳市的短时强降水多发生在汛期（4～9月），其中以5～7月最为强盛。

The characteristics of short duration heavy precipitation in Shenzhen are studied based on data from 106 automatic weather stations. The analysis shows that： ①the Short duration heavy precipitation mainly occurred in the western coastal area in Bao＇ an district, eastern mountainous area in Dapeng district and the urban area in Luohu, Futian and Guangming districts; ②the reason why short duration heavy precipitation occurred in the eastern region of Shenzhen may be related to the terrain and the monsoon climate, and the reasons why short duration heavy precipitation occurred in central and western area may be associated with the urban heat island in the urban dense area and the land-sea thermal difference in these area; ③there is no absolutely accordant relationship between an- nual precipitation and short duration heavy precipitation frequency, because in some year a relatively large value of short duration heavy precipitation frequency was recorded when a relatively small value of annual precipitation was recorded in a same year; ④the short duration heavy precipitation in Shenzhen occurred in the raining season （April to September）, especially in May to July.