被监护人致人损害的监护人责任探析

On Liabilities of Guardian of a Ward in Tort

《侵权责任法》第32条规定了被监护人致人损害的监护人责任,但学界对监护人责任问题仍然争论不休。从统一责任主体方面考量,被监护人侵权时的责任主体应认定为监护人。为了公平起见,赔偿主体宜认定为被监护人和监护人,且以被监护人财产优先赔偿,在被监护人没有财产或财产不足的情况下,由监护人赔偿或补足赔偿。另外,鉴于我国《民法通则》关于限制行为能力人和无行为能力人的区分,相应地,在确定监护人责任时也应对两者加以区分。

Article 32 of Tort Liability Law in China regulates the legal responsibility of the guardian of a ward in tort. The scholars have been debated fiercely about the legal responsibility of the guardian. As for the subject of legal responsibility,when the ward commits the tortuous acts,the subject should be regarded as the guardian of the ward. To be fair,the subject of compensation should be taken as the ward and the guardian,and the ward＇ s property should be first used for compensation. When the ward has no property or his property is insufficient,the guardian should make compensation or make up for the insufficient compensation. Furthermore,since General Principles of Civil Law in China distinguishes incompetent person and person limited in disposing capacity,correspondingly,the two should also be distinguished when ascertaining the liability of the guardian of a ward.