计算机模拟合成孔径雷达集成框架研究

Simulating Synthetic Aperture Radar Integrated System

由于合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感的独特优势，使得它得到了广泛的应用。但由于SAR成像过多的依赖SAR传感器和地物的反射特性，因此所成图像也仅限于某一时刻、波长、极化、特定地点等。并且从发射微波信号到图像生成这一系列过程中，有大量工作是要在空中完成，由于仪器设备和处理技术的限制，在每一个环节上都可能会产生难以预料的系统误差和随机误差。鉴于此，本文结合计算机模拟技术、地物散射特性、SAR成像机理，提出并建立了计算机3D模拟SAR系统的集成框架，利用集成系统能够在不同入射方式、波长、极化方式，以及植被生长、地物变化的不同阶段进行动态、实时的生成SAR模拟图像。从而取代外业实验工作，节省获取雷达图像的时间和开销，可以避免由于错误决策和操作所带来的风险。

As a kind of active microwave remote sensing, Synthetic Aperture Radar has become one of main directions of development of remote sensing. Because SAR imaging process overmuch depends on the sensor and the scattering characteristics of ground object, it not only brings us some limitations on obtaining image, but also introduces errors into SAR image during obtaining image process. These problems will be discussed in this paper. We firstly review the computer simulation technique in remote sensing, the scattering characteristics of ground object and the SAR imaging mechanism. Next, we propose computer simulation SAR system which integrated the subsystem of sensor and imaging、the subsystem of scattering characteristics of ground object and the subsystem of information retrieval into one to produce SAR simulation images using computer completely. This system can produce dynamically SAR images not only in various kinds of incident angle、wavelength and polarimetric ways of sensor, but also in different phases of ground object、vegetation variation. Using this system, we can replace field work, save time and expenses, and avoid the risk arose by wrong decisions and operations.