从功能对等视角看十八大报告的英译

C-E Translation of the 18TH Party Congress Report from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

以2012年发布的《十八大报告》为例,结合美国著名翻译学家尤金.奈达的功能翻译理论探索政治文本的英译技巧。功能对等理论认为"翻译是用最恰当、自然和对等的语言从语义到文体再现源语的信息"。(郭,2000)鉴于此,本文从词汇、句法和修辞三个层面分析了《报告》英译本如何再现原文意义。研究发现,在词汇方面,译者可采用注释、重创、词性转化、增译、减译等翻译技巧;在句法方面,政治文本翻译时经常要增补主语、再现源语逻辑关系、实现句子再平衡;修辞上,本文主要研究了在政治文本中较常出现的重复和排比两种手法,此时,为达到文体对等,译文中应保留其形式以在最大程度上体现原文的口吻。应当指出的是,不论采用何种翻译技巧,译者必须首先对政治文本有透彻的理解才能实现"功能对等"。

Based on the 18th Party Congress Report issued in 2012 and guided by functional e-quivalence theory proposed by the eminent American translator Eugene. A. Nida , the paper attempts to explore the techniques applied in the translation of political texts. Functional equivalence theory claims that translation, in effect, is to naturally reproduce both meaning and style of the original language in the target language. Thus, the paper studies the C-E translation of the Report at the lexical, syntactical and rhetorical level. At the lexical level, translators are advised to employ the translation techniques such as annotation, neologism, conversion, amplification and omission. In terms of syntax, focus should be shifted to the supplement of subject, logical connection and sen-tence rebalance. Lastly, rhetorical devices such as repetition and parallelism are supposed to be re-tained so that the original tone of stress and authority can be fully embodied. Notably , to achieve“functional equivalence”, translators must, in the first place, have a thorough understanding of the original text.