论明清园主的尚俭意识及其行为

A Probe Into the Awareness of Frugality and Behavior of the Garden Owners in Ming and Qing Dynasties

在明清园林崇奢的世风之下,却出现了一些"尚俭"的园子。反映在具体的园林营构上,一是建园面积狭小;一是园中的景物朴素。这些园主认为造园崇奢是费财损力,不利后代发展,园子易被豪强攘夺,是园主没有创造力的表现。造园尚俭可使园子留传长久,不被豪强霸占,更得自然之美,有益子嗣兴旺,还可为园主赢得高蹈清洁的名声。尚俭的园主,虽在物质条件上求俭,却在精神上追求不简,而是不约而同地追求文气书香。造园尚俭的背后,还有着园主强烈的忧患意识。

Despite the prevalent extravagant styles of gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties,＂frugality＇＇is what distinguishes some gardens from others.It can be reflected in their specific structures,as these gardens are both small-sized and plainly-landscaped.Owners of these gardens believed that extravagance was a waste of money and energy,a reflection of the owners＇ uncreativity,as well as an obstacle to their offspring ＇s development.Those grand gardens tended to invite powerful bullies,who would seize the gardens by force.Frugality could not only disinterest those bullies so that the gardens remain legacies within the clan,but also keep the beauty of nature and win the owners＇ reputation as being noble and unsullied.In contrast with the physical frugality,those owners spared no effort in their spiritual pursuit by invariably creating an atmosphere of literature.In addition,what lies behind the concept of frugality is the owners＇ awareness of hardship and crisis.