护理干预对肾移植术后患者血糖水平的影响

Effect of nursing intervention on blood glucose level in patients after renal transplantation

目的 探讨护理干预对肾移植术后患者血糖水平的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法将204例肾移植术后患者随机分为观察组（n=102）和对照组（n=102）,对照组按常规进行护理和健康教育,观察组实施护理干预;干预后6个月比较两组患者饮食、运动、生活习惯、掌握疾病相关知识情况和血 糖水平.结果 干预后6个月观察组患者不合理饮食占7.8％,对照组占31.4％;观察组掌握疾病相关知识患者占98.1％,对照组占60.8％,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（x2分别为17.91,43.30;P＜0.05）.观察组空腹血糖（5.10±0.30） mmol/L,餐后2h血糖（8.00±0.35） mmol/L,均低于对照组的（6.20 ±0.31）,（9.60 ±0.27） mmol/L,差异有统计学意义（t分别为4.245,6.682;P ＜0.05）.肾移植术后6个月观察组有2例患者发展为肾移植术后糖尿病（PTDM）,对照组有6例发展为PTDM.结论 对肾移植术后患者实施护理干预有利于控制患者血糖水平,预防和延缓PTDM的发生,提高患者的人/肾长期存活率.

Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention on blood glucose level in patients after renal transplantation.Methods Two hundred and four patients after renal transplantation were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table,each with 102 cases.The control group received the routine nursing and health education,and the observation group received the nursing intervention.The condition of diet,exercise,living habits,the mastering of disease-related knowledge and the blood glucose level were compared between two groups at six months after the intervention.Results The percentof patients of unreasonable diet was 7.8% in the observation group at six months after the intervention,and was 31.4% in the control group; the percent of patients who mastered the disease-related knowledge was 98.1% in the observation group,and was 60.8% in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant （x2 =17.91,43.30,respectively;P 〈 0.05）.Fasting and 2 h postprandial plasma glucose were respectively （5.10±0.30）,（8.00 ±0.35） mmol/L in the observation group,and were lower than （6.20 ±0.31）,（9.60 ±0.27）mmol/L in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant （t =4.245,6.682,respectively ;P 〈 0.05）.The cases of post transplant diabetes mellitus （PTDM） were two cases in the observation group at six months after the operation,and were six cases in the control group.Conclusions The nursing intervention in patients after renal transplantation is beneficial to control the blood glucose level,and prevent and delay the occurrence of PTDM,and improve the patient/graft long-term survival rate.