试论南宋时期江南的城镇化现象

On Urbanization Phenomenon of Regions South of Yangtze River in Southern Song Dynasty

由于统治者的重视以及北方、中原人民南迁,南宋江南地区出现了城镇化的趋势,主要表现在城镇的数量增多、市场化水平提高,城乡之间、区域市场之间的联系加强,农村经济活动与市场联系加强。江南城镇化过程中,农村和城镇以及城镇之间的人口流动加快,城镇居民结构发生了很大改变,贫富差距拉大,江南农村的生活方式、社会文化、价值观念、伦理道德、人际关系、家庭关系等也发生了与传统社会不同的改变,固有的宗法宗族制受到冲击,人与人之间的关系由血缘关系、地缘关系转变为业缘关系,新的社会组织日益取代旧的群体组织,货币关系发展为人与人之间交往的主要形式之一。但是南宋江南城镇化过程中,因固有乡村生活的整体平衡被打破,社会结构失去原先的平衡与相对稳定性,造成社会结构失衡,从而产生一系列的社会问题。我国新时期的城镇化建设,应吸收传统中国和西方国家的经验教训,走出一条可持续发展的城镇化道路。

Due to the attention by the rulers and the people from Central Plains migrating to the south, there was in the regions south of Yangtze River in Southern Song Dynasty the trend of urbanization, mainly in the increase in the number of towns, the rise of level in market, strengthened connection between urban and rural areas, ties between the regional markets, and the ties between rural economic activities and the market. In the process of this urbanization, the population mobility sped up between urban and rural areas and between towns, with considerable changes in the structure of urban residents and widened gap between the rich and the poor. Changes different from traditional society took place in the rural lifestyle, in social culture, values, ethics, interpersonal relations, family relations. As a result, patriarchal clan system experienced impact, interpersonal relations transformed from kinship ties and geographical relations into business relations, new social organizations gradually replaced old ones, and monetary relations became one of the main forms of communication between people. During the process of urbanization, due to the breaking up of overall balance in natural rural life, the balance and relative stability in social structure was lost, resulting in the imbalance in social structure and series of social problems. In the urbanization construction in the new period of China, reference should be taken from the lessons both from experiences in ancient China and that in the West so as to choose a path of sustainable development of urbanization.