中小企业产权制度的比较与调整

Property Rights Institutions in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Comparison and Adjustment

企业的产权制度受经济条件所制约 ,对企业的发展有重要影响 ,中小企业也不例外。家族式企业有其存在的合适条件 ,但这种产权制度既有利也有弊 ,在社会经济条件发生变化后 ,中小企业要得到进一步的发展 ,有必要对这种产权结构进行调整。其制度创新的设想为 :逐步实行所有权与经营权分开 ,促进经营管理水平的提高 ,建立股份制企业或股份合作企业。国家所有制对中小企业的适应性及其存在的问题也应进行探讨 ,有些国有中小企业可转让给集体或私人所有 ,有些可实行各种经营责任制或者“干股制” 。

Property rights institutions are subject to economic constraints and have a great impact on the development of enterprises, including small and medium-sized enterprises. Family enterprises thrive when conditions are favorable, but may suffer when socio-economic circumstances change. It is therefore necessary for small and medium-sized enterprises to adjust their property rights institutions to new situations. This paper argues for a gradual separation of ownership from managerial authority to improve management and administration and set up stock, or joint-stock enterprises. The issue of state ownership adapting itself to small and medium-sized enterprises also deserves systematic studies. It is suggested that some small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises go collective or private while some operate by various management responsibility systems or “unexchangable stock”systems or set up standardized enterprise groups or joint-venture or joint-stock enterprises.