托孔改制:康有为重建近代中国教育的努力

Reforming Under Confucius 's Name:Kang Youwei's Efforts of Reconstructing Modern Chinese Education

晚清民初之际,教育既有的稳定状态被打破,"什么教育是更有价值的教育"成为亟待有识之士回答的重要问题。作为近代著名的政治家、学者和教育家,康有为对此做出了积极回应,其重建近代中国教育的努力大致体现为齐头并进的两条路径:一是从义理或德行着手,推崇孔教,阐发仁道合群之义,以正人心、定国魂,属于社会教化层面;二是从制度或经世着手,持《春秋》三世之义,定孔子因时改制之圣,并借鉴欧美、日本的教育制度,以育人才、求富强,属于人才培养层面。

In late Qing and early Republican China, the steady state of education was broken, and the question of ＂what kind of education is more valuable education＂ needs to answer urgently by clever men. As a famous politician, scholar and educator in modem times, Kang Youwei responded the question actively, his efforts of reconstructing modern Chinese education included two ways which advanced together： On the one hand, proceeded from argumentation or virtue, praised Confucianism highly and explicated the meanings of benevolence and gregariousness, to rectify the hearty and found the national spirit, which belongs to the social education level. On the other hand, proceeded from system or statecraft, hold the meaning of three epoches in The Spring and Autumn Annals, respected the Confucius as a saint in reformation, and learned from the educational system of Europe, the United States and Japan, to cultivate talents and seek prosperity, which belongs to the talents cultivation level.