巴西不断深化与务实的减贫之路——从“雷亚尔计划”到“零饥饿计划”再到“无贫困计划”

Brazil's Increasingly Deepening and Practical Way of Poverty Elimination——From“Real Plan”to“Zero Hunger Program”and to“Brasil sem Miséria Plan”

巴西是拉美地区乃至整个世界贫富分化最严重的国家之一。在经历了上个世纪80年代的债务危机之后,巴西进行了新自由主义为特征的经济改革。此次改革在促进经济发展、降低通胀率的同时加剧了贫富两极分化。从90年代开始,历任总统都将保证社会公平作为政府工作的重中之重。从卡多佐政府的"雷亚尔计划"到卢拉政府的"零饥饿计划"再到罗塞夫政府的"无贫困计划",巴西的减贫政策呈现出不断深化与务实的特点。

Brazil is one of the countries characterized by the most serious rich-poor polarization in Latin America and even in the whole world. After having experienced the Debt Crisis in 1980s, Brazil made neoliberal economic reform, which finally aggravated the rich-poor polarization despite the achievements in accelerating economic development and reducing inflation rate. Since 1990s, each president has given priority to guaranteeing social equality. From Cardoso＇ s ＂Real Plan＂ to Lula＇ s ＂Zero Hunger Program＂ and to Rousseff＇ s ＂Brasil sem Miseria Plan＂, Brazil＇ s poverty-elimination policies tend to be increasingly deepening and practical.