犬牙槽骨牵张成骨的生物力学和组织学分析

Biomechanical and histological analysis of alveolar distraction osteogenesis in a canine model

背景:牙槽骨牵张成骨是解决严重牙槽骨萎缩的重要方法,其成骨过程和生物力学对于以后的种植和修复极为重要,目前一直缺少相关的实验研究。目的:分析犬牙槽骨牵张成骨的生物力学和组织学特点。方法:先拔除12只杂种犬双侧下颌前磨牙,牙槽骨修整后,制作萎缩牙槽骨模型。3个月后,植入骨内型牙槽骨牵张器。经过7 d的间歇期,以1 mm/d,1次/d的频率进行牙槽骨垂直向增高。在固定期的1,2和3个月,对牵张后的牙槽骨进行临床、生物力学、放射学和组织学检测。结果与结论:所有牵张器与周围组织愈合良好。牵张结束时,临床和放射学检查显示:萎缩牙槽骨分别增高(4.80±0.50)mm和(5.12±0.67)mm。组织学检测发现牵张区骨小梁在固定期的1-3个月成熟,其剪切力逐步提高,固定期3个月时和自体骨的剪切力相当。结果显示牙槽骨牵张成骨的组织学和生物力学性能在固定期3个月时与自体骨相当。

BACKGROUND：Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is an important method for treating alveolar bone atrophy, the osteogenesis process and biomechanics play a crucial role in the fol owing implantation and repair. At present, no related experimental studies are found. OBJECTIVE：To analyze the biomechanical and histological characteristics of alveolar distraction osteogenesis in a canine model. METHODS：Twelve adult mongrel canines received premolars extraction and alveoloplasty in mandible to establish an atrophy alveolar model. After 3 months, a segmental alveolar osteotomy was performed in the randomly selected unilateral atrophy alveolar and two intra-osseous distractors were placed. After a 7-days latency period, the alveolar ridge was augmented at a rate of 1.0 mm/d for 5 days. After a consolidation of 1, 2,＆nbsp;and 3 months, the canines were sacrificed and the specimens of the distracted alveolar bone were harvested for clinical, radiographic, histological and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The alveolar distractors obtained good healing with surrounding tissue. The atrophy alveolar bones were augmented for （4.80±0.50） mm and （5.12±0.47） mm by clinical and radiographic findings immediately after distraction, respectively. The bone trabeculae in the distracted chamber matured from 1 to 3 months of consolidation by histological analysis. The shearing force of alveolar distraction chamber increased from 1 to 3 months. After 3 months’ consolidation, the shearing force of distracted chamber was comparable to host bone. The histological and biomechanical property of distracted alveolar chamber is comparable to host bone after 3 months’ consolidation.