父母喂养行为对1～3岁幼儿饮食行为的影响

Effect of parental feeding behavior on eating behavior of children aged 1-3 years

目的 研究1~3岁幼儿饮食行为与父母喂养行为的相关性及其影响因素分析。方法 采用分层法随机抽取上海市1~3岁幼儿2324例,由父母或喂养者填写喂养行为问卷,问卷包括家庭基本情况、父母喂养行为、幼儿饮食行为以及幼儿基本情况。结果 幼儿进食习惯与进食环境（r=0.223）、父母监督行为（r=0.245）呈正相关,而与强迫行为（r=-0.264）呈负相关（P〈0.01）;幼儿食物喜好与父母的强迫行为呈负相关（r=-0.569）,而与父母的监督行为（r=0.615）及提供的进餐环境（r=0.621）存在正相关性;另外父母采取以食物来缓解情绪的行为或强迫行为,其孩子会更容易出现在情绪下进食减少的现象,相关系数分别为0.259、0.279。并且结果显示父母的监督行为在不同家庭状况下差异存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 父母喂养行为与幼儿的饮食行为存在密切相关性;并且不同家庭状况下喂养者的喂养行为可能存在差异。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the eating behavior of children aged 1-3 years and parental feeding behavior and the effect of family status on feeding behavior.Methods With stratified random sampling,2324 children aged 1-3 years were selected from Shanghai.Questionnaires were filled out by their parents or feeders to investigate the basic family information,parental feeding behavior,the eating behavior of children,and the basic information on children.Results The eating behavior of children was positively correlated with eating environment（r=0.223） and parental monitoring behavior（r=0.245） but negatively correlated with parental compulsive behavior（r=-0.264）（P＆lt;0.01）.Moreover,the food preferences of children were negatively correlated with parental compulsive behavior（r=-0.569） but positively correlated with parental monitoring behavior（r=0.615） and eating environment（r=0.621）.The emotional undereating of children was positively correlated with parental emotional feeding（r=0.259） and parental compulsive behavior（r=0.279）.Parental monitoring behavior showed significant differences between different families（P＆lt;0.05）.Conclusions Parental feeding behavior is closely related to the eating behavior of children.Parental feeding behavior may vary across different family status.[Chin J Contemp Pediatr,2014,16（6）： 643-647]