西北地区水资源与生态环境问题及对策

Issue of Water Resources and Ecological Environment in Northwest China and the Corresponding Treatments

西北地区水资源与生态环境存在问题主要表现在：水土流失严重；河道断流；内陆河流域湖泊萎缩、矿化度升高，湖库淤积；森林、草场消失退化，土地大面积沙化，水资源涵养能力降低；农灌用水浪费严重，农区土壤发生严重的次生盐碱化；水质污染严重；重要城市水源地遭到破坏等诸多方面。它由人为和自然双重因素引起，并以人为影响为主。因此必须采取强化规划和监督管理，优先保护和改善饮用水源地，加强水利基本建设，严格实施建设项目审批和管理制度，有计划地实施退耕还林、还草，加强科学研究和人才培养等措施才能予以较好解决。

There are lots of issues in water resources and ecological environment in the northwestern China which are mainly appear as following: severe soil and water loss; dry river; shrinkage of continental rivers and inland lakes and at the same time increase of the degree of the mineralization of the water; sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs; deterioration and even disappear of forest and grassland; desertification in large scale, and decrease of conservation capability of water resources; serious waste of water in agricultural irrigation, causing intensive secondary alkali-salinization in cultivated land; severe water pollution; deconstruction of water sources in some important cities, and so on. All of them are caused naturally and artificially, with the main reason rely on the latter. Therefore, in order to perfectly solve the problems, the following activities must be adopted: strengthen planning and supervision management, protection of water source for drinking and daily life should be given higher priority, enhance basic construction of water conservancy, strictly implement check and management stipulation for project construction, firmly undertake recovery of cultivated slope farmland into forest and grass on plan, pay attention to scientific research and training for capable talents, and so on.