稻米之路:中国与东南亚稻作业的起源和发展

The Rice Road: the Origin and Development of Rice Cultivation in China and Southeast Asia

稻作业在中国与东南亚历史和文化发展中都具有十分重要的地位和作用,稻米之路是中国与东南亚之间最早形成的文化交往之路。由于一些学者对1960年代-1970年代东南亚主要是泰国北部考古新发现的解读,产生了栽培稻起源和发展于东南亚并且从东南亚传播到中国的观点,在国际学术界产生了广泛的影响。但是,对中国和东南亚大量农业考古资料的科学研究充分证实,栽培稻和以栽培稻为基础的稻作业在从大约公元前1万年到公元前6000年在中国长江中下游地区产生并且逐渐得到发展,此后通过从中国东南沿海到东南亚的海路、江西湖南经广东广西进入中南半岛以及从中国云南南下这几条道路逐渐传入东南亚。公元前4000-3000年间,中国到东南亚的稻米之路基本形成。

Rice growth has played an important role in the historical and cultural development of China and Southeast Asia. The Rice Road is the earliest and oldest cultural exchange road between China and Southeast Asia. Because of some scholars＇ interpretation of the archaeological discovery in Northern Thailand in the 1960s and 1970s, the view that rice was domesticated and developed originally in Southeast Asia and then introduced into China has been widely accepted. But studies on both China＇s and southeast Asia＇s archaeological materials have proved that the rice was domesticated sometime between 10000 B.C. and 6000 B. C. in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Rice cultivation was introduced into Southeast Asia from Southern China＇s eastern coastal areas, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. The Rice Road between China and Southeast Asia was established at least between 4000- 3000 B.C.