我国新农村土地制度改革创新研究

Research on the Reform and Innovation of Land Systems in New Countryside in China

新农村建设要求加快农村土地制度改革进程。集体土地所有权制度是农村土地制度的核心,集体土地所有权制度改革建议采纳＂三元制＂方案：宅基地、自留地、自留山应属农民私人所有;耕地应属集体所有;城郊地通过征收归国家所有;四荒地应允许私人所有;其它农村土地可进行因地制宜的制度安排。土地承包经营权是农村土地制度的重要内容,应当分类指导,兼顾公平,健全流转机制,建立农村社会保障制度,转变政府管理职能,推进土地承包经营权的有序流转。农村土地保障功能的强化与固化严重制约着农村土地改革的进程,应当弱化其保障功能、强化其生产资料功能。同时,根据农村实际,多渠道筹措资金,建立健全农村基本社会保障制度,优先落实失地农民的社会保障,尽快实现科学完善的农村社会保障制度。

It requires the process of reform in rural land systems to be sped up for the construction of new countryside.Collective land ownership system is the core of the rural land systems.The paper proposes to adopt the ＂triple-system＂ program in the reform of collective land ownership system：house sites and private plots of cropland and hilly land should belong to individuals;cultivated land should be owned by the collectivity;suburban land should be owned by the state through confiscation;four types of wasteland should be allowed to be owned by private;other rural land can be arranged according to local conditions.The right to land contractual management is an important part of the rural land systems,and should be based upon specific guidance for different localities,take equity into account,perfect circulation mechanism,establish a rural social security system,transfer the administrative functions of government,and promote an orderly circulation of the right to land contractual management.The strengthening and solidification of the security function of rural land seriously restrict the process of the reform in rural land.The security function should be weakened and the means of production function should be strengthened.Meanwhile,according to the reality of countryside,we should establish a multi-channel financing system and establish a basic rural social security system,give priority to the social security of the farmers who lost land,and complete scientific and perfect rural security system as soon as possible.