从《夷坚志》看宋代农民兼业工商业活动

A Discussion on Farmers Involving in Industrial and Commercial Activities in Song Dynasty from Yi Jian Zhi

南宋著名学者洪迈编撰的《夷坚志》,是一部搜罗广博、卷帙浩繁、内容宏富、气象万千的志怪小说集,蕴含大量宋代社会经济、生活珍贵资料,史料价值极高。宋代农民在占地普遍较少难以维持正常生计的情势下,农民兼业工商业活动便不失为弥补生计不足切实可行的选项,洪迈《夷坚志》记载了当时农民兼业多种手工业生产及多种形式的商业活动。农民兼业工商业活动,是宋代发达的商品经济在广大农村及农民身上的具体投射。宋代商品经济的发达,利己主义的泛滥,拜金主义的盛行,导致从商农民利令智昏,违背行业规则,不择手段地牟取不义之财。

Yi Jian Zhi,compiled by Hong Mai,a famous scholar in the Southern Song dynasty,is very valuable to understand the social economy and precious life materials in Song dynasty.It was a workable solution for farmers to take part in industrial and commercial activities in Song dynasty as they had no enough land to make a living,which was recorded in Hong Mai’s Yi Jian Zhi.Taking part in industrial and commercial activities as farmers in Song dynasty reflected the developed commodity economy in the countryside at that time.It was the developed commodity economy and the spread of self interest that led to farmers’lust in business,violation of rules of the industry,gaining ill gotten money by scrupulous means.