论秦始皇的史学政策

Qin Shihuang's Theory of Historical Policy

秦始皇是一位雄才大略的政治家,他非常注意从历史中挖掘资源为己服务,在制定社会制度、文化政策方面表现出了强烈的历史意识。但其视史学为个人的精神财产而非广大民众的精神财产,采用"焚书坑儒"的极端专制方式消灭民众对于统一之前的历史记忆。秦始皇这种对史学采取的正面利用和严格限制的两手政策,使其没有建立起与大一统政治格局相适应的思想体系。西汉学者陆贾和贾谊立足于秦始皇的史学政策对秦亡汉兴问题的探讨对后世影响深远。

Qin Shihuang was a rare gifted and bold politician.He paid much attention to mining resources for service from history.He has shown strong consciousness of history in the formulation of social system and cultural policy,but he thought the visual history of the spirit of personal property rather than the broad masses of the people spiritual property,and used the extreme autocratic style “Burning Books and Burying Confucian Scholars Alive”to wipe out the people’s memory for the history.Qin Shihuang used the two policies,namely,the positive historiography and the strict prohibition,which did not set up a unified political pattern system of thought.The exploration of Qin dynasty’s end and Han’dynasty’s rise by Lu Jia and Jia Yi,the Western Han Dynasty scholars,had the profound influence to the later generation.