东北水稻障碍型低温冷害变化特征及其与关键生育期温度的关系

Characters of Sterile-type Chilling Damage in Rice and Its Relationship With Temperature at Key Growth Stage in Northeast China

利用东北地区153个气象站1961-2010年逐日气温资料,采用统计学方法分析水稻障碍型低温冷害的气候特征,并与孕穗期和抽穗-开花期温度进行相关分析。结果表明:东北大部水稻障碍型低温冷害事件呈减少趋势,且其区域性分布较明显,表现为吉林大部在水稻孕穗期、辽宁局部在抽穗期低温冷害呈增加趋势;近50a低温冷害发生站次年际波动较大,总体呈减少趋势,但2001-2010年冷害发生站次明显增多;障碍型低温冷害对发育期气温变化较敏感,二者呈显著负相关关系,温度每升高1℃,整个东北地区低温冷害发生站次减少35个;对冷害和发育期气温的年际、年代际变化特征进行分析发现,发育期气温升高导致低温冷害减少是年代际和年际变化共同影响的结果。

Based on the daily temperature data from 153 stations in Northeast China during 1961 -2010, the climate characteristics of sterile-type chilling injury in rice and its relationship with temperature at booting and blossoming- flowering stage was investigated by using statistical method. The results showed that the amount of the sterile-type C injury in rice plants decreased in most area of Northeast China with the characteristic of evident regional distribution,which had a increase trend in Jilin province at booting stage and some areas of Liaoning province at blossoming stage. The interannual fluctuation frequency of sterile-type c injury was significant over recent 50 years,which showed a decreasing trend as a whole except for the period between 2001 and 2010. There was a significant negative correlation between temperature and cold disaster in growth period because the sterile-type chilling injury was sensitive to temperature change. The cold disaster in Northeast China might reduce 35 stations with per 1 ℃ increase. Further studies showed that the decrease of sterile-type chilling injury, which induced by the increasing temperature during growth period,was the result of joint effects from both interannual and interdecadal change.